In-focus regions of each image may be detected automatically, for example via edge detection or Fourier analysis, or selected manually. While none of these images has the sample entirely in focus they collectively contain all the data required to generate an image which has all parts of the sample in focus. The starting point for focus stacking is a series of images captured at different focus distances in each image different areas of the sample will be in focus. Alternative techniques for generating images with increased or flexible depth of field include wavefront coding, light-field cameras and tilt. Focus stacking also allows generation of images physically impossible with normal imaging equipment images with nonplanar focus regions can be generated. Focus stacking can also be useful in landscape photography.įocus stacking offers flexibility: since it is a computational technique, images with several different depths of field can be generated in post-processing and compared for best artistic merit or scientific clarity. Focus stacking can be used in any situation where individual images have a very shallow depth of field macro photography and optical microscopy are two typical examples. Black is no contribution, white is full.įocus stacking (also known as focal plane merging and z-stacking or focus blending) is a digital image processing technique which combines multiple images taken at different focus distances to give a resulting image with a greater depth of field (DOF) than any of the individual source images. Three source images at different focus distances (top left) are combined with masks (top right) to obtain the contributions of their respective images to the final focus stacked image (bottom). This example is of a diatom microfossil in diatomaceous earth. Focus stacking (for extended depth of field) in bright field light microscopy.
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